Overview

Practically every country in the world now has developed at least one television channel. Television has grown up all over the world, enabling every country to share aspects of their culture and society with others.

Television sets

In television’s electromechanical era, commercially made television sets were sold from 1928 to 1934 in the United Kingdom, United States, and Russia. The earliest commercially made sets sold by Baird in the UK in 1928 were radios with the addition of a television device consisting of a neon tube behind a mechanically spinning disk (the Nipkow disk) with a spiral of apertures that produced a red postage-stamp size image, enlarged to twice that size by a magnifying glass. The Baird “Televisor” was also available without the radio. The Televisor sold in 1930-1933 is considered the first mass-produced set, selling about a thousand units.

The first commercially made electronic television sets with cathode ray tubes were manufactured by Telefunken in Germany in 1934, followed by other makers in France (1936), Britain (1936),and America (1938). The cheapest of the pre-World War II factory-made American sets, a 1938 image-only model with a 3-inch (8 cm) screen, cost US$125, the equivalent of US$1,863 in 2007. The cheapest model with a 12-inch (30 cm) screen was $445 ($6,633).

An estimated 19,000 electronic television sets were manufactured in Britain, and about 1,600 in Germany, before World War II. About 7,000-8,000 electronic sets were made in the U.S. before the War Production Board halted manufacture in April 1942, production resuming in August 1945.

Television usage in the United States skyrocketed after World War II with the lifting of the manufacturing freeze, war-related technological advances, the gradual expansion of the television networks westward, the drop in set prices caused by mass production, increased leisure time, and additional disposable income. While only 0.5% of U.S. households had a television set in 1946, 55.7% had one in 1954, and 90% by 1962.[30] In Britain, there were 15,000 television households in 1947, 1.4 million in 1952, and 15.1 million by 1968.

For many years different countries used different technical standards. France initially adopted the German 441-line standard but later upgraded to 819 lines, which gave the highest picture definition of any analogue TV system, approximately double the resolution of the British 405-line system. However this is not without a cost, in that the cameras need to produce four times the pixel rate (thus quadrupling the bandwidth), from pixels one-quarter the size, reducing the sensitivity by an equal amount. In practice the 819-line cameras never achieved anything like the resolution that could theoretically be transmitted by the 819 line system, and for color, France reverted to the same 625 lines as the European CCIR system.

Eventually most of Europe switched to the 625-line PAL standard, once more following Germany’s example, with France adopting SECAM. Meanwhile in North America the original NTSC 525-line standard from 1941 was retained, although analog television will be totally replaced for broadcast purposes in February 2009.

Television inventors/pioneers

Important people in the development of TV technology in the 19th or 20th centuries.

• John Logie Baird
• Guillermo González Camarena
• Alan Blumlein
• Walter Bruch (PAL television)
• Alan Archibald Campbell-Swinton
• Allen B. DuMont
• Philo Taylor Farnsworth
• Boris Grabovsky
• Charles Francis Jenkins
• Earl Muntz
• Paul Gottlieb Nipkow
• Constantin Perskyi
• Boris Rosing
• David Sarnoff
• Kenjiro Takayanagi
• Kálmán Tihanyi
• Vladimir Zworykin

Pakistan Television

Pakistan Television Corporation Limited Pakistan Television Corporation Limited

Pakistan Television Corporation Limited (PTV) is a public limited company. All its shares are held by Government of Pakistan. The decision to establish a general purpose television service with the participation of private capital and under the general supervision of the Government of Pakistan (GOP) was taken in October 1963. Subsequently the GOP signed an agreement with Nippon Electronic Company of Japan, allowing it to operate two pilot stations in Pakistan. The first of these stations went on air in Lahore on 26 November 1964. On the completion of the experimental phase, a private limited company, called Televsion Promoters Limited was set up in 1965 which was converted into a public limited company in 1967. Television centres were established in Karachi and Rawalpindi/Islamabad in 1967 and in Peshawar and Quetta in 1974. PTV satellite transmition is round the clock. The transmission include ETV and PTV News transmission.

Karachi Centre

The Karachi Centre commenced its transmission on November 2,1967 and was the first full-fledged station housed in its own building fully and properly equipped with better technical extensive equipment for production by electronic methods it has four main colour studios, including one designed and equipped for News.

The professional quality of its varied programme fare, be it music or drama has been of a top standard. The PTV-Karachi Centre along with four Re-broadcast Stations at Thana Bola Khan, Shikarpur, Noorpur and Thando Allahyar, connected to other RBSs in the country through Microwave link cover about 90% of the population. With the opening of PTV News, Pakistani programmes are now being viewed in other parts of the world via satellite.

PTV Lahore

PTV Lahore, pilot centre started in collaboration with N.H.K. Company in a very small studio known as Studio ‘C’ (with three Cameras, one Tape recorder, one 35mm Telecine, one 16mm Telecine and one Opaque Projector.) Studio ‘C’ was situated inside the Pakistan Broadcasting Corporation, Lahore area, was started on 26-”-1964 six days in a week (Monday off-day) in black & white with a very limited staff.

At that time, all Studio programmes were telecasted “LIVE” as no VTR Recording machines were available, which were made available in the year 1968.

Pilot TV Centre

A Pilot TV Centre was formally inaugurated on December 5, 1974 at 2-Fort Road, Peshawar. It was Black & White Production/Transmitting Centre consisting of Recording Studio and a Booth for News/Announcement.

On February 18, 1982 Main Color TV Centre was inaugurated at 58 Shahrah-e-Quaid-e-Azam with Two Production Studios,, One Announcement / News Studio, an Outdoor Broadcast Van & 07 Nos. of portable outdoor recording units for News/Current Affairs and Programmes.

PTV Quetta

PTV Quetta was established during 1974 in the abandoned Masonic Lodge, Quetta Cantt and was formally inaugurated on 26th November, 1974 (26th November, on the 10th anniversary of PTV in Pakistan, as the first PTV Centre was established in Lahore on 26th November, 1964 and later on too, most of the Centres were established on 26th November).

Main Project Of The Academy

The main project of the Academy was approved in 1981 with an estimated cost of Rs.33.9 million from the Government, whereas PTV had to contribute Rs. 9.7 million in the form of old/used equipment. Engineering Training Cell was established in 1978 to train PTV Engineers.

A similar cell was established for Production Training in 1984. Both these divisions had been working in rented buildings before moving to Academy’s building in 1988.

PTV News

PTV News, a new satellite channel was launched in the face of tough international competition. The objective of providing update news for 24 hours.

PTV National

The objective of the PTV National is providing different local News and as well as entertainment in all language different parts of the country.

AJK TV

AJK TV is Kashmiri Channel, providing different programs for local viewers, Kashmiri news and Gojri news.

PTV BOLAN

PTV GLOBAL

Every field in the world is passing through the process of globalization, likewise Pakistan Television has entered into global competition. PTV Global would provide entertainment and the latest news to Pakistanis working abroad.

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